,COV] ,CROP ,SCI;E
       ,PROJECT ,BOOK3
   ,POLL9ATOR ,S]VICES - ,:
   POLL9ATORS MI<T WE SEE 9
          \R FIELD8

    ,9TRODUC;N "<@9#E M9UTES">
  ,J L HUMANS & ALL O!R LIV+
?+S1 PLANTS NE$ TO REPRODUCE
TO SURVIVE4 ,9 .7,A ,PLANT
,PRIM]1.' Y LE>N$ H[ PLANTS
REPRODUCE "? TWO-GAMETE
REPRODUC;N4 ,9 CASE Y =GOT1
"H'S A QK REVIEW4
  ,PETALS >E (T5 B"RLY COLOR$
& SC5T$4 ,"S FL[]S AL H
NECT>IES4 ,^! TRAITS H *ANG$
OV] G5]A;NS TO HELP ATTRACT
POLL9ATORS4
  ,! PLANT'S SEX ORGANS >E
9SIDE ! FL[]4 ,COMPLETE FL[]S
H BO? MALE & FEMALE ORGANS4
,9COMPLETE FL[]S H EI MALE OR
FEMALE ORGANS4
                            #A
  ,9 FL[]S1 ! MALE ORGANS   #B
>E ! FILA;T & AN!R4 ,! AN!R
MAKES POLL51 & X IS HELD HI<
BY ! FILA;T4 ,! FILA;T L5G?
MAXIMIZES ! *.ES ( POLL9A;N4
,? IS ESPECIALLY TRUE (
TUBE-%AP$ FL[]S4
  ,! FEMALE "P ( ! FL[] T RCVS
! POLL5 IS ! /IGMA4 ,X IS A
/ICKY PLAT=M 9 ! C5T] ( !
FL[]4 ,! /IGMA IS HELD UP HI<
BY ! /YLE4 ,:5 POLL5 L&S ON !
/IGMA1 X TRAVELS D[N ! /YLE TO
! OV>Y4
  ,9 ,A ,PLANT ,PRIM]1 Y AL
LE>N$ T X IS BETT] = ! NEXT
G5]A;N IF POLL5 IS MOV$ 2T
PLANTS4 ,FL[]S C'T MOVE TO
MATE ) ANO!R FL[]1 S !Y RELY
ON POLL9ATORS4
  ,POLL9ATORS >E USUALLY
ANIMALS "<MO/LY 9SECTS1 BIRDS1
& BATS">4 ,!Y MOVE POLL5 F !
AN!R ( "O FL[] TO ! /IGMA (
ANO!R4 ,!Y >E VITAL =       #B
PLANT REPRODUC;N1 B        A#B
POLL9ATORS DON'T HELP PLANTS J
TO 2 K9D4 ,PLANTS & POLL9ATORS
H A MUTUALI/IC RELA;N%IP4 ,!Y
BO? B5EFIT F POLL9A;N4
  ,WE "K H[ ! PLANTS B5EFIT4
,!Y GET TO REPRODUCE ) ANO!R
PLANT4 ,B H[ D ! POLL9ATORS
B5EFIT8 ,POLL9ATORS >E 9T]E/$
9 FL[]S' NECT> OR "S"TS !
POLL5 XF4
  ,NECT> IS A SUG>Y LIQUID F.D
AT ! V BOTTOM ( FL[]S4 ,IF Y L
C&Y1 CAKE1 OR O!R SWEETS1 Y C
"U/& T NECT> IS AN APP1L+ FOOD
S\RCE6 ,:5 ! POLL9ATOR GOES TO
! BOTTOM ( ! FL[] TO GET
NECT>1 !Y >E SURE TO T\* POLL5
AL;G ! WAY4 ,:5 !Y VISIT ANO!R
FL[]1 "S ( T POLL5 W BRU% AG/
! NEW FL[]'S /IGMA4
----------------------------#C
  ,POLL5 IS AL A FOOD S\RCE3 X
3TA9S SUG>S1 />*ES1 FATS1
PROTE9S1 VITAM9S1 &         #C
M9]ALS4                    A#C

    ,EXPLORE "<@9#DJ M9UTES">
  ,9 ? ACTIV;Y1 Y W "W TO F9D
:AT POLL9ATORS L AB FL[]S4
,PLANT ECOLOGI/S MONITOR$
DI6]5T FL[]S4 ,!Y C.T$ H[ _M
POLL9ATORS VISIT$ EA* FL[] OV]
! C\RSE ( AN H\R4
  ,_! RESULTS >E 9 ! TABLE 2L4
,! TRAITS ID5TIFI$ 9 ! TABLE
CD 2 A KEY WAY FL[]S ATTRACT
POLL9ATORS4 ,AF Y EXAM9E !
TABLE1 FIGURE \ :AT FL[]
TRAITS EA* POLL9ATOR LIKES4
----------------------------#D
  ,A4 ,CACAO .1"<,!OBROMA
.1CACAO">
  ;,B4 ,MOONFL[] .1"<,IPOMOEA
.1ALBA">
----------------------------#E
  ;,C4 ,SWAMP ,MILKWE$
.1"<,ASCLEPIAS .19C>NATA">
  ;,D4 ,HI<BU% OR ,AM]ICAN
,CRANB]RY ,BU%              #D
.1"<,VIBURNUM .1OPULUS">   A#E
----------------------------#F
  ;,E4 ,PURPLE ,C"OFL[]
.1"<,E*9ACEA .1PURPUREA">
  ;,F4 ,BIG ,BLUE/EM
.1"<,&ROPOGON .1G]>DII">
----------------------------#G
  ;,G4 ,C>D9AL ,FL[]
.1"<,LOBELIA .1C>D9ALIS">
  ;,H4 ,SAGU>O ,CACTUS
.1"<,C>NEGIEA .1GIGANTEA">
      @.<
----------------------------#H
    ,TABLE ) #G COLUMNS )
    H1D+S3 ,TRAITS1 ,BATS1
    ,BEES1 ,BIRDS1
    ,BUTT]FLIES1 ,FLIES1
    ,MO?S@.>
,A3
,COLOR3 ,:ITE & YELL[ ) A R$
/EM & R$ FILA;TS
,SIZE3 ,M$IUM
,%APE3 ,D[NW>D-FAC+ FL[]S T
RESEMBLE A BUG ) _M W+S & LEGS
,SMELL3 F\L OR ODOR.S       #E
,O!R3 BLOOMS DUR+ ! "D1    A#H
M/ 2 POLL9AT$ )9 #BD H\RS
,BATS3 #G
,BEES3 #J
,BIRDS3 #J
,BUTT]FLIES3 #J
,FLIES3 #GB
,MO?S3 #BJ

;,B3
,COLOR3 ,:ITE
,SIZE3 ,L>GE
,%APE3 ,FLAT FL[]S ) PL1T$ R
?AN SEP>ATE PETALS
,SMELL3 /R;GLY SWEET
,O!R3 DELICATE L&+ PAD1 FL[]S
OP5 >.D SUNSET
,BATS3 #AA
,BEES3 #E
,BIRDS3 #J
,BUTT]FLIES3 #J
,FLIES3 #J
,MO?S3 #CD
----------------------------#I
                            #F
;,C3                       A#I
,COLOR3 ,D>K P9K
,SIZE3 ,SMALL
,%APE3 ,CLU/]S ( />-%AP$ FL[]S
,SMELL3 SUBTLY SWEET
,O!R3 BLOOMS DUR+ ! "D "?\T !
SUMM]
,BATS3 #J
,BEES3 #AG
,BIRDS3 #J
,BUTT]FLIES3 #DC
,FLIES3 #J
,MO?S3 #H

;,D3
,COLOR3 ,:ITE
,SIZE3 ,M$IUM
,%APE3 ,FLAT FL[]S MADE (
CIRCUL> PETALS
,SMELL3 N"O
,O!R3 SMALL] FL[]S >E COMPLETE
& C SELF-POLL9ATE1 BLOOMS 9
SPR+
,BATS3 #J
,BEES3 #J                   #G
,BIRDS3 #J                 B#I
,BUTT]FLIES3 #C
,FLIES3 #E
,MO?S3 #H

---------------------------#AJ
;,E3
,COLOR3 ,PURPLE ) A R$ C5T]
,SIZE3 ,L>GE
,%APE3 ,FL[]S ) L;G1 F+]-%AP$
PETALS >.D A SPIKY C5T]
,SMELL3 SUBTLY H"OY-L
,O!R3 BLOOMS DUR+ ! "D "?\T !
SUMM]
,BATS3 #J
,BEES3 #FC
,BIRDS3 #J
,BUTT]FLIES3 #AE
,FLIES3 #I
,MO?S3 #J

;,F3
,COLOR3 ,YELL[
,SIZE3 ,SMALL
,%APE3 ,D[NW>D-FAC+1        #H
TUBE-%AP$ FL[]S ATTA*$    A#AJ
BY A ?9 :ITE /R+
,SMELL3 N"O
,O!R3 BLOOMS 9 LATE SUMM] "?
E>LY FALL
,BATS3 #J
,BEES3 #C
,BIRDS3 #B
,BUTT]FLIES3 #D
,FLIES3 #J
,MO?S3 #J

---------------------------#AA
;,G3
,COLOR3 ,R$ ) A :ITE C5T]
,SIZE3 ,M$IUM
,%APE3 ,L;G1 R$ PETALS HANG
LOOSE F ! FL[] L A HALF-PEEL$
BANANA
,SMELL3 N"O
,O!R3 NO L&+ PAD1 FL[]S PO9T
D[N
,BATS3 #J
,BEES3 #J
,BIRDS3 #CH                 #I
,BUTT]FLIES3 #I           A#AA
,FLIES3 #J
,MO?S3 #D

;,H3
,COLOR3 ,L;G1 R$ PETALS HANG
LOOSE F ! FL[] L A HALF-PEEL$
BANANA
,SIZE3 ,L>GE
,%APE3 ,FLU6Y1 C"O-%AP$ FL[]S
) A B[L-%AP$ C5T]
,SMELL3 SWEET & MUSKY
,O!R3 /URDY L&+ PAD1 FL[]S OP5
AT NI<T1 M/ 2 POLL9AT$ )9 #BD
H\RS
,BATS3 #BC
,BEES3 #J
,BIRDS3 #D
,BUTT]FLIES3 #J
,FLIES3 #J
,MO?S3 #AC
---------------------------#AB
  ,USE ! DATA 9 ! TABLE ABV TO
F9D ! TRAITS T Y ?9K EA*
POLL9ATOR PREF]S6          #AJ
,RECORD POLL9ATOR         A#AB
PREF];ES 9 ! TABLE 2L4
---------------------------#AC
      @.<,BLANK TABLE ) COLUMS
    ( ,POLL9ATOR1 ,COLOR1
    ,SIZE1 ,%APE1 ,SMELL1 ,O!R
      ,R[S >E3 ,BATS1 ,BEES1
    ,BIRDS1 ,BUTT]FLIES1
    ,FLIES1 ,MO?S@.>

    ,EXPLA9 "<@9#CJ M9UTES">
  ,Y MAY H LE>N$ AB
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIA;N
"<,,EMR"> 2F4 ,9 ! DIAGRAM 2L1
Y C SEE "EY?+ F GAMMA RAYS1
;X-RAYS1 & ULTRAVIOLET LI<T "?
RADIO WAVES4 ,VISIBLE LI<T IS
! "P ( ,,EMR SPECTRUM T HUMANS
SEE Z COLOR4
      @.<DIAGRAM N PRODUC$ 9
    ,BRL@.>
---------------------------#AD
  ,( C\RSE1 HUMANS >5'T ! ONLY
SPECIES T C SEE COLOR4 ,"S
SPECIES C SEE "PS ( !      #AA
ELECTROMAGNETIC           A#AD
SPECTRUM WE _C4 ,COMP>E !
TABLES 9 ,EXPLORE ) ! 9=MA;N
2L4 ,:ILE Y D S1 ANSW] ! "QS4
---------------------------#AE
  ,BATS
  ,MO/ BATS 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA >E
9SECTIVORES4 ,_M BATS 9
SUBTROPICAL & TROPICAL REGIONS
3SUME FRUIT & NECT> 9/1D4
,BATS C HOV]1 B !Y W AL L& ON
FL[] PETALS T >E /URDY 5 TO
HOLD _! WEI<T4 ,3TR>Y TO
POPUL> MY?1 BATS >E N BL B C
SEE Q WELL1 EV5 9 L[ LI<T4 ,!Y
AL H GD S5SES ( SMELL4 ,!Y
VISIT & POLL9ATE FL[]S AT
NI<T4
  ,?9K AB 2+ \TSIDE AT NI<T4
,:AT COLORS "<9CLUD+ BLACK &
:ITE"> >E MO/ VISIBLE \TSIDE
AT NI<T8
  ,BEES
  ,BEES C SEE LI<T F AB
#CJJ-#FEJ NANOMET]S        #AB
"<ULTRAVIOLET TO          A#AE
ORANGE">4 ,!Y >E ATTRACT$ TO
SWEET SMELLS & L& ON FL[]
PETALS TO GA!R POLL54
  ,:AT FL[] COLORS D Y ?9K
!Y'RE MO/ ATTRACT$ TO8
---------------------------#AF
  ,BIRDS
  ,BIRDS C SEE V WELL4 ,!Y C
SEE ,,UV LI<T & ! 5TIRE
VISIBLE LI<T SPECTRUM4 ,BIRDS
>E MO/ ATTRACT$ TO B"R R$S &
ORANGES4 ,H["E1 !Y H POOR
S5SES ( SMELL4
  ,HUMM+BIRDS H L;G B1KS T
H\SE AN EV5 L;G] T;GUE4 ,_!
T;GUE IS US$ TO R1* DEEP 9TO
TUBE-%AP$ FL[]S & SUCK UP
SWEET NECT>4 ,BIRDS D N RE/ ON
! FL[] PETALS OR SEPALS TO
3SUME NECT>4 ,!Y TYPICALLY
HOV] BY ! FL[]4
  ,3SID] BIRDS' S5SES ( SI<T &
SMELL4 ,: D Y ?9K !Y USE TO
LOCATE FL[]S & FE$ ON      #AC
NECT>8                    A#AF
  ,BUTT]FLIES
  ,HUMANS H ?REE TYPES ( COLOR
RECEPTORS 9 _! EYES4
,BUTT]FLIES C H UP TO #AE
DI6]5T COLOR RECEPTORS4
,G5]ALLY1 BUTT]FLIES C SEE !
5TIRE VISIBLE LI<T SPECTRUM &
,,UV LI<T4 ,L BIRDS1 !Y H A
POOR S5SE ( SMELL4
  ,BUTT]FLIES H A L;G1 HOLL[
PROBOSCIS T UNFURLS TO DR9K
NECT> F FL[]S1 L US+ A /RAW4
,_M BUTT]FLIES >E ABLE TO
HOV]1 AL? "S RE/ ON ! FL[]
PETALS TO EAT4
---------------------------#AG
  ,FLIES
  ,FLIES H A /R;G S5SE ( SMELL
& >E (T5 ATTRACT$ TO F\L
ODORS4 ,FLIES T POLL9ATE FL[]S
(T5 LAY _! E7S ON PLANTS4 ,:5
L>VAE HAT*1 !Y H A R1DY FOOD
S\RCE4 ,_M FLY L>VAE >E
9SECTIVORES1 EAT+ PLANT    #AD
PE/S L APHIDS4 ,S9CE      A#AG
APHIDS W EAT ! PLANTS1 EV5 "Y
FLIES >E HELP+ ! PLANTS4
  ,FLIES USUALLY POLL9ATE
FL[]S T >E PALE 9 COLOR ) D>K
BR[N OR D>K PURPLE PAT*ES4 ,!Y
L& ON FL[] PETALS TO GA!R
POLL5 & TYPICALLY VISIT FL[]S
T >E ON TREES OR CLOSE TO !
GR.D4
  ,FLIES >E SMALL] 9SECTS4
,FRUIT FLIES1 = EXAMPLE1 >E
ONLY AB "O EI<? ( AN 9* L;G4
,:AT SIZE FL[]S D Y EXPECT !M
TO POLL9ATE8
---------------------------#AH
  ,MO?S
  ,MO?S >E NOCTURNAL RELATIVES
( BUTT]FLIES1 S !Y >E ACTIVE
AT NI<T4 ,!Y AL H A L;G
PROBOSCIS TO DR9K FL[] NECT> &
TREE SAP4 ,MO?S C SEE ,,UV
LI<T & :ITE LI<T B N COLORS4
,MO?S H A /R;G S5SE ( SMELL &
>E ATTRACT$ TO SWEET       #AE
SMELLS4 ,L BUTT]FLIES1    A#AH
_M MO? SPECIES C HOV]4
  ,MO?S & BUTT]FLIES >E
PHYSICALLY SIMIL>2 = 9/.E1 !Y
BO? H A L;G PROBOSCIS4 ,:AT
TYPE ( FL[] %APE DOES ?
PROBOSCIS ALL[ !M TO FE$ ON &
POLL9ATE8
  ,MO?S & BUTT]FLIES LOOK
SIMIL>1 B !Y DI6] 9 ! TYPES (
FL[]S !Y PREF] TO POLL9ATE4
,?9K AB MO?S' & BUTT]FLIES'
S5SES ( SI<T & SMELL4 ,H[ D ^!
S5SES A6ECT ! TYPE ( FL[]S !Y
PREF] TO POLL9ATE8
  ,LOOK BACK AT ! TABLE AT !
2G9N+ ( ,EXPLORE4 ,>E "! ANY
PLANTS T DON'T SEEM TO H A
DOM9ANT POLL9ATOR8 ,H[ ELSE C
POLL5 2 SPR1D8
---------------------------#AI

    ,EXT5D "<@9#CJ M9UTES">
  ,Y N[ "K "S POLL9ATOR
PREF];ES6 ,LET'S LOOK AT   #AF
"S COV] CROPS4            A#AI
  ,C Y FIGURE \ :AT TYPES (
POLL9ATORS VISIT ^! CROPS8 ,9
! TABLE ON ! NEXT PAGE1 FILL \
! PR$ICT$ POLL9ATORS COLUMN4
---------------------------#BJ
,PHOTOS3
,RAPESE$ .1"<,BRASSICA
.1NAPUS">
,COMMON ,BUCK:1T
"<.1,FAGOPYRUM .1ESCUL5TUM">
---------------------------#BA
,R$ ,CLOV] .1"<,TRIFOLIUM
.1PRAT5SE">
,LADY ,PHACELIA OR ,PURPLE
,TANSY .1"<,PHACELIA
.1TANACETIFOLIA">
---------------------------#BB
,P5NYCRESS .1"<,?LASPI
.1>V5SE">
  ,G TO YR FAVORITE SE>* 5G9E1
& !N F9D EA* PLANT'S
POLL9ATORS4 ,UNIV]S;Y1 P>K
S]VICE1 OR ,,USDA WEB SITES >E
USUALLY RELIABLE4          #AG
  ,FILL 9 ! ,ACTUAL       A#BB
,POLL9ATORS COLUMN4
  ,Y PROBABLY F.D T BEES
POLL9ATE _M COV] CROPS4 ,Y MAY
H SE5 A LOT AB NATIVE BEES4 ,Y
ALR "K COV] CROPS HELP PREV5T
SOIL ]O.N & HELP SOIL RETA9
NUTRI5TS4 ,N[ Y "K T !Y >E AL
IMPORTANT = POLL9ATORS6
  ,WE C ?ANK NATIVE BEES =
NE>LY "O ?IRD ( ! M\?;LS (
FOOD WE EAT4 ,WILD BEES H TWO
BASIC HABITAT NE$S4 ,!Y NE$
A3ESS TO FOOD & >1S TO NE/ IN4
"<,Z WE "K1 FOOD COMES 9 ! =M
( POLL5 OR NECT>4">
---------------------------#BC
  ,COV] CROPS C MEET BO?
HABITAT NE$S6 ,RESE>* SU7E/S T
HAV+ DIV]SE POLL5 & NECT>
S\RCES IMPROVES BEES' H1L?4 ,?
EV5 9CR1SES _! *.ES ( SURVIV+
EXPOSURE TO PE/ICIDES4 ,COV]
CROPS AL H NE/+ SITES 9 _!
/EMS & 9 L>G] FL[]S4       #AH
,COV] CROPS >E A GRT      A#BC
WAY TO MAKE A HABITAT = BEES
:5 CA% CROPS L CORN >E N 9
S1SON4 ,? 9CR1SES ! *.ES T
!Y'LL 2 "! TO POLL9ATE CA%
CROPS :5 !Y GR[ LAT] 9 !
SUMM]4
  ,P5NYCRESS C 2 A V USE;L
COV] CROP4 ,_M BEES HIB]NATE 9
! W9T]4 ,:5 !Y WAKE UP 9 !
SPR+1 MO/ FL[]S H N BLOOM$1 S
FOOD IS H>D = !M TO F9D4
,P5NYCRESS FL[]S E>LY 9 !
SPR+4 ,X C PROVIDE BO? POLL5 &
NECT> TO BEES 2F O!R CROPS 2G9
TO FL[]4 ,P5NYCRESS IS VISIT$
BY OV] A DOZ5 SPECIES ( FLIES
& SMALL BEES1 ) UP TO #FH
9SECT VISITS P] M9UTE6
  ,IF "! IS AN >EA NE> Y T HAS
COV] CROPS OR WILDFL[]S1 TAKE
A WALK "! ) A TRU/$ ADULT4 ,?
MAY 2 9 A P>K1 NE> A PLANT$
FIELD1 OR EV5 9 YR [N BACKY>D6
,OP5 ! I,NATURALI/ APP T   #AI
Y US$ = .7,A ,PLANT       B#BC
,PRIM]4.' ,5T] ! FL[]S T Y SEE
ON YR WALK4 ,REMEMB]1 ! M Y
5T]1 ! M Y >E HELP+ RESE>* !
,E>?'S BIODIV]S;Y6
---------------------------#BD

    ,REFLECT "<@9#BJ M9UTES">
  ,P5NYCRESS PRODUCES BO?
POLL5 & NECT>4 ,H["E1 X
DOESN'T MAKE Z M* Z "S O!R
COV] CROPS4 ,H[ CD SCI5TI/S
HELP P5NYCRESS MAKE M POLL5 &
NECT>8 "<,H9T3 ,?9K AB H[
PLANTS *ANGE OV] "T4">
  ,IF Y TOOK A WALK TO F9D
FL[]S 9 ? MODULE OR :5
COMPLET+ ! ,PLANT ,PRIM]
MODULE1 LOOK AT ! PICTURES Y
TOOK4
  A4 ,:AT D Y ?9K POLL9ATES ^!
PLANTS8 "<,"! MAY EV5 2
POLL9ATORS 9 YR PICTURE6">
  ;B4 ,DOES X SEEM L ! SAME
TYPE ( 9SECT POLL9ATES     #BJ
MO/ PLANTS1 OR IS "! A    A#BD
V>IETY8
  ;C4 ,>E "! ANY POLL9ATORS T
Y SEE FEW] ( 9 YR COMMUN;Y8
,LOOK UP T POLL9ATOR4 ,:AT
DOES X L TO POLL9ATE8
  ,:AT POLL9ATORS DIDN'T Y "K
AB 2F8 ,:AT DID Y LE>N T
SURPRIS$ Y8
---------------------------#BE
  ,:Y >E COV] CROPS IMPORTANT
= POLL9ATORS8
---------------------------#BF

    ,C>E] ,3NEC;N3
    ,*IROPT]OLOGI/
  ,*IROPT]OLOGI/S "<OR BAT
BIOLOGI/S"> >E SCI5TI/S :O
/UDY BATS4 ,Z Y'VE LE>N$1 _M
BATS >E POLL9ATORS6 ,BATS >E
/UDI$ = LOTS ( R1SONS4 ,!Y >E
UNIQUE CR1TURES4 ,!Y >E AL
MODEL ORGANISMS = /UDIES ON
HE>+1 E*OLOCA;N1 & EV5 FI<T+
41SE6                      #BA
  ,MO/ BAT BIOLOGI/S      A#BF
2G9 ) A #D-YE> DEGREE 9 A
FIELD ( BIOLOGY4 ,!Y W !N E>N
A MA/]'S DEGREE 9 AN >EA L
WILDLIFE BIOLOGY4 ,!Y W LE>N
COMMON BIOLOGY ME?ODS & H[ TO
USE TE*NOLOGY4 ,TOOLS MAKE UP
= HUMANS' POOR SI<T & HE>+ 9
BAT HABITATS4















                           #BB